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Colias eurytheme
The Orange Sulphur (''Colias eurytheme''), also known as the Alfalfa Butterfly and in its larval stage as Alfalfa Caterpillar, is a butterfly of the family Pieridae, where it belongs to the lowland group of "clouded yellows and sulphurs" subfamily Coliadinae. It is found throughout North America from southern Canada to Mexico, but is absent from the central and southeastern USA.
Other members of this lineage including the Common or Clouded Sulphur (''C. philodice'') and ''Colias eriphyle'' and ''Colias vitabunda'' that are often included in ''C. philodice'' as subspecies. Hybridization runs rampant between these, making phylogenetic analyses exclusively utilizing one type of data (especially mtDNA sequences) unreliable. Therefore little more can be said about its relationships, except that it is perhaps closer to ''C. (p.) eriphyle'' than generally assumed, strengthening the view that the latter should be considered a good species.〔Wheat, Christopher W. & Watt, Ward B. (2008). A mitochondrial-DNA-based phylogeny for some evolutionary-genetic model species of Colias butterflies (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). ''Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.'' 47(3):893-902. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.03.013 (HTML abstract, supplement available to subscribers)〕
The Orange Sulphur's caterpillars feed off various species in the pea family (Fabaceae) and are usually only found feeding at night. Occasionally this species multiplies to high numbers, and can become a serious pest to Alfalfa (''Medicago sativa'') crops.
== Distribution ==
''Colias eurytheme'' butterflies can be found from southern Mexico to almost all throughout North America. Historically, they were distributed primarily in the Nearctic regions of the west, but were displaced to the east by logging and alfalfa field planting.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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